Anesthesia – what is it? Kinds. Contraindications

Many of us have had to deal with anesthesia in our lives. There are many rumors and opinions surrounding this procedure. Let's try to figure out what it is and how true the rumors are.The word anesthesia itself is of Greek origin and means numbness or numbness. The term anesthesia is also used – anesthesia. It describes the purpose of the procedure somewhat more precisely, while the first one is its essence.Attempts to somehow ease or eliminate pain during surgical intervention were made by doctors of antiquity. However, the first case of full-fledged anesthesia in history is considered to be an operation performed by William Morton on October 16, 1846 in a clinic in Boston, USA. The very next year, 1847, the first operation using ether anesthesia took place in Russia, and the Scottish obstetrician J. Simpson resorted to anesthesia during delivery. Since that time, we can talk about the beginning of the era of anesthesia in medicine.What is anesthesia?Anesthesia is often compared to sleep. There is undoubtedly a certain similarity between medical sleep under anesthesia and regular sleep. However, it is wrong to completely identify them. In a state of anesthesia, most systems of the human body are inhibited, with the exception of the cardiovascular system. This allows not only to protect the patient from pain, eliminating the risk of pain shock, but also to put him to sleep and at the same time relax his muscles. This is achieved by using certain drugs that affect the human nervous system.Premedication, putting a person under anesthesia is quite a serious and responsible matter. Therefore, it is necessarily preceded by the so–called premedication - the preliminary preparation of the patient for the use of anesthesia. Surgery is a serious stress, so the patient is prescribed primarily sedatives, as well as a number of others that should improve the body's response to the effects of anesthesia.It is also necessary to thoroughly examine the patient before resorting to anesthesia and make sure that he has no contraindications to anesthesia. It is also advisable for the patient himself to imagine what exactly in his condition can lead to complications during anesthesia.Contraindications to anesthesia- An overfilled stomach – vomiting may occur.- Various chronic diseases, for example, bronchial asthma.- Recent (within the last six months) acute heart attacks or strokes.- Acute renal failure.- Advanced hypertension (it is highly likely to lead to a heart attack or stroke).- A state of intoxication, alcoholic or narcotic.Because of this, before anesthesia is prescribed, it is necessary to do a number of studies.- A general blood test with an additional coagulation test (coagulogram).- Electrocardiogram.- Tests for the absence of allergy to drugs and sensitivity.- Make sure that there are no chronic diseases, especially of the respiratory tract and cardiovascular system.Introductory anesthesia, all preliminary actions have been carried out. What happens next? The first stage of general anesthesia is called induction or introductory anesthesia. At this stage, the patient is injected with drugs that put him to sleep, relax his muscles and eliminate pain sensitivity. Inhalation or intravenous anesthetics are used to put people to sleep, muscle relaxants are used to relax muscles, and analgesics should relieve pain.To maintain normal breathing, a tube connected to a ventilator is inserted into the patient's trachea.Supportive anesthesia surgery can last for a variety of times. That is why supportive anesthesia is so important – the constant administration of additional doses of the necessary medications to the patient. The team of anesthesiologists should not let the process get out of control for a minute. She monitors the patient's condition, breathing, and the functioning of the cardiovascular system. If necessary, the dosage of drugs is changed or other necessary actions are performed.Exit the drug dealer, the operation was successfully completed. Now the patient is facing the last, but by no means significant, stage of anesthesia proper – getting out of anesthesia. This is a crucial moment, because the body needs to gradually restore all its functions. And the anesthesiologist needs to make sure that this process takes place normally and is fully completed.Local anesthesia should be noted that general anesthesia is not necessary in all cases. Many operations can be performed without such a profound effect on the patient. The most well–known variant of such anesthesia is local anesthesia or local anesthesia, as they often say in everyday life. In this case, anesthetics are injected only directly into the operated area. The body does not fall asleep, and all its other parts retain normal sensitivity.Regional anesthesia is another method, a kind of intermediate between general and local anesthesia – regional anesthesia. In this case, the anesthetic is administered in such a way as to "turn off" the sensitivity of an entire part of the body. For example, an injection into the spinal canal can be used for regional anesthesia. This leads to a loss of sensitivity of the entire lower body. At the same time, the patient retains consciousness, and even some functions (for example, a woman can give birth).This option can be considered more gentle than general anesthesia, but still it should not be abused. In general, the choice of a particular method depends on the specific circumstances.In any case, after the application of anesthesia, the patient needs to be monitored for the entire period while his adaptation after anesthesia is taking place. A lot depends on the specific circumstances of the operation, and therefore it is extremely important to monitor a specialist who can determine the most appropriate adaptation strategy in this case.In general, we can say that there is nothing terrible about anesthesia. The key to success is the competent and professional work of anesthesiologists. Les joueurs modernes veulent une plateforme complète qui propose des paris en ligne sur le football et d’autres sports. Au cœur de cette demande se trouve un parier en ligne foot de qualité qui offre une excellente expérience utilisateur. Grâce au code promo, profitez d’un bonus de 100 % jusqu’à 100 € sur votre dépôt initial. Ce bonus renforce votre capital et améliore significativement vos débuts.